IT lists

 Whistleblowing (hotline) essentials: In the U.S., SOX §806 (18 U.S.C. §1514A) prohibits retaliation, and OSHA accepts complaints and provides remedies such as reinstatement and back pay. In Japan, amendments to the Whistleblower Protection Act (effective 2022 / additional in 2025) strengthened system-setup and confidentiality duties and clarified criminal penalties and fines for retaliation or leaks. In India, the Companies Act 2013 and SEBI LODR require listed (etc.) companies to establish a Vigil Mechanism, ensure direct access to the audit committee, and prevent retaliation. Practice focuses on (1) clearly offering anonymous, multilingual channels (internal and external), (2) the “isolate–investigate–record” triad with strict evidence preservation, (3) a written zero-retaliation pledge with internal sanctions for breaches, (4) corrective and preventive actions with deadlines, reported to the audit committee and disclosed internally where possible, and (5) a ban on sharing ident...

 An analysis using satellite remote sensing shows that from 2003 to 2022—about twenty years—approximately 21 percent of the global ocean (roughly 75 million km², equivalent in area to Europe + Africa + China + North America) has “darkened.” Here, “darkening” means a shoaling of the euphotic zone’s upper boundary (the depth to which enough light penetrates for photosynthesis). In about 3 percent of surveyed waters, that boundary has risen by more than 100 m, and in about 9 percent by more than 50 m. Notable hotspots include offshore of the U.S. East Coast, the Labrador Sea in the North Atlantic, and parts of the East China Sea. The drivers differ by region. Along coasts, increased light attenuation stems from elevated inputs of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from soils and forests, and suspended sediments from agricultural runoff. Offshore, ocean warming intensifies the thermal stratification, suppressing upward nutrient flux from depth...

 The central question in the postwar French literary world was whether literature should “engage” with society or safeguard the autonomy of the work and a universal ethics. Sartre saw “literature as action,” insisting that writers bear responsibility toward history and should spur readers to practice. Political neutrality, he argued, amounts to complicity. From the journal Les Temps modernes (1945–), he intervened in contemporary struggles—colonial questions, labor conflicts, and more. The blind spot of this view is the risk that ideals may end up justifying real violence. Camus, by contrast, in The Rebel (1951) criticized revolutionary violence and historical determinism, proposing an ethics of “rebellion = measure.” No end, he held, can outrank human dignity; murder as a means must be rejected. In 1952, Francis Jeanson’s scathing review of the book ran in Les Temps modernes ; after a volley of open letters, Sartre and Camus broke off relations. Camus’s stance—shaped also by his...

 Shen is a Lisp-family functional language that unifies pattern matching, macros, lazy evaluation, a sequent-calculus-based type system, embedded Prolog, and a compiler-compiler in one environment. Since 2021 it has converged on a lightweight S-series kernel featuring a partial-application core, typed YACC, GC’d Prolog, and packages/I/O/hash tables. Learn via “Shen in 15 minutes” and The Book of Shen . Distributions include the latest S-kernel, stdlib 2.x, Shen/tk (Tcl/Tk GUI), and Yggdrasil for stand-alone builds. In 2025 “Open Shen” offers extensive free materials. Shen runs on many host languages with cross-platform sources. With a REPL, type inference, pattern-oriented definitions, and abstractions for exceptions/streams/maps, its small core plus rich standard libs support DSL design, proof-flavored type checking, and mixing logic/functional/imperative styles. Yggdrasil enables single binaries, Shen/tk enables simple GUIs, and curated samples/tutorials help both research and pr...