SLAPP lawsuits are lawsuits filed by powerful actors against critics, activists, or journalists mainly to silence them.

 SLAPP lawsuits are lawsuits filed by powerful actors against critics, activists, or journalists mainly to silence them. The goal is not necessarily to win on the legal merits, but to burden the target with cost, time, and fear so that they stop speaking out. This chilling effect on free expression and public oversight is considered a serious social problem.


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Japan Jazz Anthology Select: Jazz of the SP Era

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In practice, the most workable approach is to measure a composite “civility score” built from multiple indicators.

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