In physics, Einstein’s “block universe” posits that past, present, and future coexist within a four-dimensional spacetime, and human consciousness merely scans its cross-section.

 In physics, Einstein’s “block universe” posits that past, present, and future coexist within a four-dimensional spacetime, and human consciousness merely scans its cross-section. In mathematics, Riemann spheres and Penrose diagrams fold infinity and the far future into finite regions, enabling all of spacetime to be represented as a single plane. In philosophy, the flow of time is treated as a conceptual construct, and existence itself is interpreted as a simultaneity fully contained in the “now.” Though differing in approach, these perspectives converge on viewing spacetime as a unified structure. The Hilbert space serves as a formal expression of this idea—a mathematical “plane” that contains all possible states simultaneously, mediating between physical reality, geometric projection, and ontological unity.