In his 1923 book A Tract on Monetary Reform, John Maynard Keynes famously wrote, “In the long run we are all dead

 In his 1923 book A Tract on Monetary Reform, John Maynard Keynes famously wrote, “In the long run we are all dead.” With this remark, he criticized economists of his time who downplayed short-term problems like unemployment and recessions by claiming that markets would eventually self-correct in the long run. Keynes argued that governments must actively intervene through fiscal and monetary policy to address immediate shortfalls in demand and alleviate real human suffering. This principle lies at the core of Keynesian economics and has been carried on by modern "New Keynesian" economists such as Paul Krugman and Joseph Stiglitz. These scholars emphasize the importance of government spending during financial crises or economic downturns and have helped revive interest in Keynes’s ideas in the 21st century.