In Kantian ethics, the morality of an action is judged by the “categorical imperative,

 In Kantian ethics, the morality of an action is judged by the “categorical imperative,” which asks whether the rule (maxim) behind the action can be universalized. Principles like “do not kill” or “do not lie” are considered “perfect duties” because their maxims cannot be universally applied. On the other hand, values often emphasized in manga, such as “friendship, effort, and victory,” belong to lower-tier concepts in Kant’s hierarchy. They are seen as “imperfect duties” or virtuous maxims—praiseworthy but not strictly binding. Furthermore, if victory is pursued by treating others merely as means, it becomes morally unacceptable. Thus, Kantian ethics operates through a layered structure, where abstract universal principles guide concrete moral judgments.