Hegel Philosophy Cheat Sheet
Hegel's Philosophy of History Cheat Sheet (1856)
Introduction (The Origins of Philosophy)
Philosopher | Hegel's Evaluation |
---|---|
Thales | Regarded as the origin of philosophy; positive |
Anaximander | Valued for the concept of apeiron (the indefinite); positive |
Anaximenes | Naïve but progressive; somewhat positive |
The Greek Spirit
Philosopher | Hegel's Evaluation |
---|---|
Pythagoras | Criticized for abstract focus on numbers; neutral to somewhat negative |
Heraclitus | Highly praised for the principle of becoming; strongly positive |
Parmenides | Valued for the absolute being; positive |
Zeno (Eleatic) | Valued for dialectical reasoning; positive |
Empedocles | Eclectic with the four elements; neutral |
Anaxagoras | Highly praised for the concept of nous (mind); positive |
Democritus | Criticized for mechanical materialism; somewhat negative |
Sophists | Criticized for relativism; negative |
Socrates | Celebrated as the starting point of self-consciousness; strongly positive |
Plato | Highly praised for the theory of Ideas; strongly positive |
Aristotle | Regarded as the consummator of philosophy; strongly positive |
Rome and the Christian World
Philosopher | Hegel's Evaluation |
---|---|
Stoics | Valued for emphasis on inwardness; positive |
Epicureans | Criticized for hedonism; somewhat negative |
Skeptics | Criticized for passive negation; negative |
Neoplatonists (Plotinus) | Criticized for mysticism; somewhat negative |
Augustine | Valued for the development of Christian philosophy; positive |
The Medieval Christian World
Philosopher | Hegel's Evaluation |
---|---|
Thomas Aquinas | Valued for unifying theology and philosophy; positive |
Scotus / Ockham | Criticized for weakening metaphysics; negative |
The Modern World Spirit
Philosopher | Hegel's Evaluation |
---|---|
Descartes | Highly praised as the starting point of modern philosophy; strongly positive |
Spinoza | Valued as the peak of rationalism; positive |
Locke | Limited appreciation for empiricism; somewhat positive |
Hume | Criticized for skepticism in empiricism; negative |
Rousseau | Highly praised for the idea of freedom; positive |
Kant | Highly praised for the philosophy of self-consciousness; strongly positive |
Fichte | Highly praised for the absolute self; positive |
Schelling | Valued for natural philosophy but criticized as incomplete; neutral to somewhat negative |
Hegel (himself) | Presented his own system of Absolute Spirit as the fulfillment; most positive |
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